diff options
| author | Arseny Kapoulkine <arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com> | 2015-04-10 22:26:57 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Arseny Kapoulkine <arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com> | 2015-04-10 22:26:57 -0700 |
| commit | e90d2ac8ba44fbcf4d5702643f708f2c86bde42e (patch) | |
| tree | a52fe8e4efee8176da169998c203c1a93f6a6ff1 /docs/manual/loading.html | |
| parent | 6457f0941204a79ec5ba359a12aa00bf06f0e621 (diff) | |
| parent | 405fefc8777c55900a4e44561b545a9abb5276ba (diff) | |
Merge branch 'master' into compact
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/manual/loading.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/manual/loading.html | 914 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 914 deletions
diff --git a/docs/manual/loading.html b/docs/manual/loading.html deleted file mode 100644 index d302f73..0000000 --- a/docs/manual/loading.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,914 +0,0 @@ -<html> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"> -<title>Loading document</title> -<link rel="stylesheet" href="../pugixml.css" type="text/css"> -<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1"> -<link rel="home" href="../manual.html" title="pugixml 1.5"> -<link rel="up" href="../manual.html" title="pugixml 1.5"> -<link rel="prev" href="dom.html" title="Document object model"> -<link rel="next" href="access.html" title="Accessing document data"> -</head> -<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> -<table width="100%"><tr> -<td> -<a href="http://pugixml.org/">pugixml 1.5</a> manual | - <a href="../manual.html">Overview</a> | - <a href="install.html">Installation</a> | - Document: - <a href="dom.html">Object model</a> · <b>Loading</b> · <a href="access.html">Accessing</a> · <a href="modify.html">Modifying</a> · <a href="saving.html">Saving</a> | - <a href="xpath.html">XPath</a> | - <a href="apiref.html">API Reference</a> | - <a href="toc.html">Table of Contents</a> -</td> -<td width="*" align="right"><div class="spirit-nav"> -<a accesskey="p" href="dom.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../manual.html"><img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../manual.html"><img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="access.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> -</div></td> -</tr></table> -<hr> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"> -<a name="manual.loading"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html" title="Loading document"> Loading document</a> -</h2></div></div></div> -<div class="toc"><dl class="toc"> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.file"> Loading document from file</a></span></dt> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.memory"> Loading document from memory</a></span></dt> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.stream"> Loading document from C++ IOstreams</a></span></dt> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.errors"> Handling parsing errors</a></span></dt> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.options"> Parsing options</a></span></dt> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.encoding"> Encodings</a></span></dt> -<dt><span class="section"><a href="loading.html#manual.loading.w3c"> Conformance to W3C specification</a></span></dt> -</dl></div> -<p> - pugixml provides several functions for loading XML data from various places - - files, C++ iostreams, memory buffers. All functions use an extremely fast - non-validating parser. This parser is not fully W3C conformant - it can load - any valid XML document, but does not perform some well-formedness checks. While - considerable effort is made to reject invalid XML documents, some validation - is not performed for performance reasons. Also some XML transformations (i.e. - EOL handling or attribute value normalization) can impact parsing speed and - thus can be disabled. However for vast majority of XML documents there is no - performance difference between different parsing options. Parsing options also - control whether certain XML nodes are parsed; see <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.options" title="Parsing options"> Parsing options</a> for - more information. - </p> -<p> - XML data is always converted to internal character format (see <a class="xref" href="dom.html#manual.dom.unicode" title="Unicode interface"> Unicode interface</a>) - before parsing. pugixml supports all popular Unicode encodings (UTF-8, UTF-16 - (big and little endian), UTF-32 (big and little endian); UCS-2 is naturally - supported since it's a strict subset of UTF-16) and handles all encoding conversions - automatically. Unless explicit encoding is specified, loading functions perform - automatic encoding detection based on first few characters of XML data, so - in almost all cases you do not have to specify document encoding. Encoding - conversion is described in more detail in <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.encoding" title="Encodings"> Encodings</a>. - </p> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.file"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.file" title="Loading document from file"> Loading document from file</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<a name="xml_document::load_file"></a><a name="xml_document::load_file_wide"></a><p> - The most common source of XML data is files; pugixml provides dedicated functions - for loading an XML document from file: - </p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_file</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">path</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_file</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">wchar_t</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">path</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - These functions accept the file path as its first argument, and also two - optional arguments, which specify parsing options (see <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.options" title="Parsing options"> Parsing options</a>) - and input data encoding (see <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.encoding" title="Encodings"> Encodings</a>). The path has the target - operating system format, so it can be a relative or absolute one, it should - have the delimiters of the target system, it should have the exact case if - the target file system is case-sensitive, etc. - </p> -<p> - File path is passed to the system file opening function as is in case of - the first function (which accepts <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span> - <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">path</span></code>); the second function either uses - a special file opening function if it is provided by the runtime library - or converts the path to UTF-8 and uses the system file opening function. - </p> -<p> - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_file</span></code> destroys the existing - document tree and then tries to load the new tree from the specified file. - The result of the operation is returned in an <a class="link" href="loading.html#xml_parse_result">xml_parse_result</a> - object; this object contains the operation status and the related information - (i.e. last successfully parsed position in the input file, if parsing fails). - See <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.errors" title="Handling parsing errors"> Handling parsing errors</a> for error handling details. - </p> -<p> - This is an example of loading XML document from file (<a href="../samples/load_file.cpp" target="_top">samples/load_file.cpp</a>): - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_document</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">;</span> - -<span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_file</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"tree.xml"</span><span class="special">);</span> - -<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"Load result: "</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">description</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">", mesh name: "</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"mesh"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">attribute</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"name"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -</div> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.memory"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.memory" title="Loading document from memory"> Loading document from memory</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<a name="xml_document::load_buffer"></a><a name="xml_document::load_buffer_inplace"></a><a name="xml_document::load_buffer_inplace_own"></a><p> - Sometimes XML data should be loaded from some other source than a file, i.e. - HTTP URL; also you may want to load XML data from file using non-standard - functions, i.e. to use your virtual file system facilities or to load XML - from gzip-compressed files. All these scenarios require loading document - from memory. First you should prepare a contiguous memory block with all - XML data; then you have to invoke one of buffer loading functions. These - functions will handle the necessary encoding conversions, if any, and then - will parse the data into the corresponding XML tree. There are several buffer - loading functions, which differ in the behavior and thus in performance/memory - usage: - </p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">contents</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">contents</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace_own</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">contents</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - All functions accept the buffer which is represented by a pointer to XML - data, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">contents</span></code>, and data - size in bytes. Also there are two optional arguments, which specify parsing - options (see <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.options" title="Parsing options"> Parsing options</a>) and input data encoding (see <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.encoding" title="Encodings"> Encodings</a>). - The buffer does not have to be zero-terminated. - </p> -<p> - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer</span></code> function works - with immutable buffer - it does not ever modify the buffer. Because of this - restriction it has to create a private buffer and copy XML data to it before - parsing (applying encoding conversions if necessary). This copy operation - carries a performance penalty, so inplace functions are provided - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace_own</span></code> - store the document data in the buffer, modifying it in the process. In order - for the document to stay valid, you have to make sure that the buffer's lifetime - exceeds that of the tree if you're using inplace functions. In addition to - that, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace</span></code> - does not assume ownership of the buffer, so you'll have to destroy it yourself; - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace_own</span></code> assumes - ownership of the buffer and destroys it once it is not needed. This means - that if you're using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace_own</span></code>, - you have to allocate memory with pugixml allocation function (you can get - it via <a class="link" href="dom.html#get_memory_allocation_function">get_memory_allocation_function</a>). - </p> -<p> - The best way from the performance/memory point of view is to load document - using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace_own</span></code>; - this function has maximum control of the buffer with XML data so it is able - to avoid redundant copies and reduce peak memory usage while parsing. This - is the recommended function if you have to load the document from memory - and performance is critical. - </p> -<a name="xml_document::load_string"></a><p> - There is also a simple helper function for cases when you want to load the - XML document from null-terminated character string: - </p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">char_t</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">contents</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - It is equivalent to calling <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer</span></code> - with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">size</span></code> being either <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">strlen</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">contents</span><span class="special">)</span></code> - or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wcslen</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">contents</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">sizeof</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span><span class="special">)</span></code>, - depending on the character type. This function assumes native encoding for - input data, so it does not do any encoding conversion. In general, this function - is fine for loading small documents from string literals, but has more overhead - and less functionality than the buffer loading functions. - </p> -<p> - This is an example of loading XML document from memory using different functions - (<a href="../samples/load_memory.cpp" target="_top">samples/load_memory.cpp</a>): - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">[]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="string">"<mesh name='sphere'><bounds>0 0 1 1</bounds></mesh>"</span><span class="special">;</span> -<span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="keyword">sizeof</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// You can use load_buffer to load document from immutable memory block: -</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// You can use load_buffer_inplace to load document from mutable memory block; the block's lifetime must exceed that of document -</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">buffer</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">];</span> -<span class="identifier">memcpy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">);</span> - -<span class="comment">// The block can be allocated by any method; the block is modified during parsing -</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">);</span> - -<span class="comment">// You have to destroy the block yourself after the document is no longer used -</span><span class="keyword">delete</span><span class="special">[]</span> <span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">;</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// You can use load_buffer_inplace_own to load document from mutable memory block and to pass the ownership of this block -</span><span class="comment">// The block has to be allocated via pugixml allocation function - using i.e. operator new here is incorrect -</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">buffer</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*>(</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get_memory_allocation_function</span><span class="special">()(</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">));</span> -<span class="identifier">memcpy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">);</span> - -<span class="comment">// The block will be deleted by the document -</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace_own</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// You can use load to load document from null-terminated strings, for example literals: -</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"<mesh name='sphere'><bounds>0 0 1 1</bounds></mesh>"</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -</div> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.stream"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.stream" title="Loading document from C++ IOstreams"> Loading document from C++ IOstreams</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<a name="xml_document::load_stream"></a><p> - To enhance interoperability, pugixml provides functions for loading document - from any object which implements C++ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">istream</span></code> - interface. This allows you to load documents from any standard C++ stream - (i.e. file stream) or any third-party compliant implementation (i.e. Boost - Iostreams). There are two functions, one works with narrow character streams, - another handles wide character ones: - </p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">istream</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">stream</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">wistream</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">stream</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">options</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">parse_default</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load</span></code> with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">istream</span></code> - argument loads the document from stream from the current read position to - the end, treating the stream contents as a byte stream of the specified encoding - (with encoding autodetection as necessary). Thus calling <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load</span></code> - on an opened <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ifstream</span></code> object is equivalent to calling - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">xml_document</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">load_file</span></code>. - </p> -<p> - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load</span></code> with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">wstream</span></code> - argument treats the stream contents as a wide character stream (encoding - is always <a class="link" href="loading.html#encoding_wchar">encoding_wchar</a>). Because - of this, using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load</span></code> with - wide character streams requires careful (usually platform-specific) stream - setup (i.e. using the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">imbue</span></code> - function). Generally use of wide streams is discouraged, however it provides - you the ability to load documents from non-Unicode encodings, i.e. you can - load Shift-JIS encoded data if you set the correct locale. - </p> -<p> - This is a simple example of loading XML document from file using streams - (<a href="../samples/load_stream.cpp" target="_top">samples/load_stream.cpp</a>); read - the sample code for more complex examples involving wide streams and locales: - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ifstream</span> <span class="identifier">stream</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"weekly-utf-8.xml"</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">stream</span><span class="special">);</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -</div> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.errors"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.errors" title="Handling parsing errors"> Handling parsing errors</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<a name="xml_parse_result"></a><p> - All document loading functions return the parsing result via <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span></code> object. It contains parsing - status, the offset of last successfully parsed character from the beginning - of the source stream, and the encoding of the source stream: - </p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> -<span class="special">{</span> - <span class="identifier">xml_parse_status</span> <span class="identifier">status</span><span class="special">;</span> - <span class="identifier">ptrdiff_t</span> <span class="identifier">offset</span><span class="special">;</span> - <span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span> <span class="identifier">encoding</span><span class="special">;</span> - - <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span> - <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">description</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span> -<span class="special">};</span> -</pre> -<a name="xml_parse_status"></a><a name="xml_parse_result::status"></a><p> - Parsing status is represented as the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">xml_parse_status</span></code> - enumeration and can be one of the following: - </p> -<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_ok"></a><code class="literal">status_ok</code> means that no error was encountered - during parsing; the source stream represents the valid XML document which - was fully parsed and converted to a tree. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_file_not_found"></a><code class="literal">status_file_not_found</code> is only - returned by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_file</span></code> - function and means that file could not be opened. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_io_error"></a><code class="literal">status_io_error</code> is returned by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_file</span></code> function and by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load</span></code> functions with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">istream</span></code>/<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">wstream</span></code> arguments; it means that some - I/O error has occurred during reading the file/stream. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_out_of_memory"></a><code class="literal">status_out_of_memory</code> means that - there was not enough memory during some allocation; any allocation failure - during parsing results in this error. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_internal_error"></a><code class="literal">status_internal_error</code> means that - something went horribly wrong; currently this error does not occur <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_unrecognized_tag"></a><code class="literal">status_unrecognized_tag</code> means - that parsing stopped due to a tag with either an empty name or a name - which starts with incorrect character, such as <code class="literal">#</code>. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_bad_pi"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_pi</code> means that parsing stopped - due to incorrect document declaration/processing instruction - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_bad_comment"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_comment</code>, <a name="status_bad_cdata"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_cdata</code>, - <a name="status_bad_doctype"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_doctype</code> and <a name="status_bad_pcdata"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_pcdata</code> - mean that parsing stopped due to the invalid construct of the respective - type - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_bad_start_element"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_start_element</code> means - that parsing stopped because starting tag either had no closing <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">></span></code> symbol or contained some incorrect - symbol - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_bad_attribute"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_attribute</code> means that - parsing stopped because there was an incorrect attribute, such as an - attribute without value or with value that is not quoted (note that - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span> - <span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">></span></code> is - incorrect in XML) - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_bad_end_element"></a><code class="literal">status_bad_end_element</code> means - that parsing stopped because ending tag had incorrect syntax (i.e. extra - non-whitespace symbols between tag name and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">></span></code>) - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_end_element_mismatch"></a><code class="literal">status_end_element_mismatch</code> - means that parsing stopped because the closing tag did not match the - opening one (i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></</span><span class="identifier">nedo</span><span class="special">></span></code>) or because some tag was not closed - at all - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="status_no_document_element"></a><code class="literal">status_no_document_element</code> - means that no element nodes were discovered during parsing; this usually - indicates an empty or invalid document - </li> -</ul></div> -<a name="xml_parse_result::description"></a><p> - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">description</span><span class="special">()</span></code> - member function can be used to convert parsing status to a string; the returned - message is always in English, so you'll have to write your own function if - you need a localized string. However please note that the exact messages - returned by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">description</span><span class="special">()</span></code> - function may change from version to version, so any complex status handling - should be based on <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">status</span></code> - value. Note that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">description</span><span class="special">()</span></code> returns a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code> - string even in <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE</span></code>; - you'll have to call <a class="link" href="dom.html#as_wide">as_wide</a> to get the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span></code> string. - </p> -<p> - If parsing failed because the source data was not a valid XML, the resulting - tree is not destroyed - despite the fact that load function returns error, - you can use the part of the tree that was successfully parsed. Obviously, - the last element may have an unexpected name/value; for example, if the attribute - value does not end with the necessary quotation mark, like in <code class="literal"><node - attr="value>some data</node></code> example, the value of - attribute <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">attr</span></code> will contain - the string <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">></span><span class="identifier">some</span> <span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special"></</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span></code>. - </p> -<a name="xml_parse_result::offset"></a><p> - In addition to the status code, parsing result has an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">offset</span></code> - member, which contains the offset of last successfully parsed character if - parsing failed because of an error in source data; otherwise <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">offset</span></code> is 0. For parsing efficiency reasons, - pugixml does not track the current line during parsing; this offset is in - units of <a class="link" href="dom.html#char_t">pugi::char_t</a> (bytes for character - mode, wide characters for wide character mode). Many text editors support - 'Go To Position' feature - you can use it to locate the exact error position. - Alternatively, if you're loading the document from memory, you can display - the error chunk along with the error description (see the example code below). - </p> -<div class="caution"><table border="0" summary="Caution"> -<tr> -<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Caution]" src="../images/caution.png"></td> -<th align="left">Caution</th> -</tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> - Offset is calculated in the XML buffer in native encoding; if encoding - conversion is performed during parsing, offset can not be used to reliably - track the error position. - </p></td></tr> -</table></div> -<a name="xml_parse_result::encoding"></a><p> - Parsing result also has an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">encoding</span></code> - member, which can be used to check that the source data encoding was correctly - guessed. It is equal to the exact encoding used during parsing (i.e. with - the exact endianness); see <a class="xref" href="loading.html#manual.loading.encoding" title="Encodings"> Encodings</a> for more information. - </p> -<a name="xml_parse_result::bool"></a><p> - Parsing result object can be implicitly converted to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>; - if you do not want to handle parsing errors thoroughly, you can just check - the return value of load functions as if it was a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>: - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_file</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"file.xml"</span><span class="special">))</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">...</span> - <span class="special">}</span> <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">...</span> <span class="special">}</span></code>. - </p> -<p> - This is an example of handling loading errors (<a href="../samples/load_error_handling.cpp" target="_top">samples/load_error_handling.cpp</a>): - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_document</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">;</span> -<span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xml_parse_result</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">);</span> - -<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">)</span> - <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"XML ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">source</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"] parsed without errors, attr value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"node"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">attribute</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"attr"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> -<span class="keyword">else</span> -<span class="special">{</span> - <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"XML ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">source</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"] parsed with errors, attr value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"node"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">attribute</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"attr"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> - <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"Error description: "</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">description</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> - <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"Error offset: "</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">offset</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">" (error at [..."</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">offset</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> -<span class="special">}</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -</div> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.options"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.options" title="Parsing options"> Parsing options</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<p> - All document loading functions accept the optional parameter <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">options</span></code>. This is a bitmask that customizes - the parsing process: you can select the node types that are parsed and various - transformations that are performed with the XML text. Disabling certain transformations - can improve parsing performance for some documents; however, the code for - all transformations is very well optimized, and thus the majority of documents - won't get any performance benefit. As a rule of thumb, only modify parsing - flags if you want to get some nodes in the document that are excluded by - default (i.e. declaration or comment nodes). - </p> -<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note"> -<tr> -<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png"></td> -<th align="left">Note</th> -</tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> - You should use the usual bitwise arithmetics to manipulate the bitmask: - to enable a flag, use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mask</span> <span class="special">|</span> <span class="identifier">flag</span></code>; - to disable a flag, use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">mask</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="special">~</span><span class="identifier">flag</span></code>. - </p></td></tr> -</table></div> -<p> - These flags control the resulting tree contents: - </p> -<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_declaration"></a><code class="literal">parse_declaration</code> determines if XML - document declaration (node with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_declaration">node_declaration</a>) - is to be put in DOM tree. If this flag is off, it is not put in the tree, - but is still parsed and checked for correctness. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_doctype"></a><code class="literal">parse_doctype</code> determines if XML document - type declaration (node with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_doctype">node_doctype</a>) - is to be put in DOM tree. If this flag is off, it is not put in the tree, - but is still parsed and checked for correctness. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_pi"></a><code class="literal">parse_pi</code> determines if processing instructions - (nodes with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_pi">node_pi</a>) are to be put - in DOM tree. If this flag is off, they are not put in the tree, but are - still parsed and checked for correctness. Note that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><?</span><span class="identifier">xml</span> <span class="special">...?></span></code> - (document declaration) is not considered to be a PI. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_comments"></a><code class="literal">parse_comments</code> determines if comments - (nodes with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_comment">node_comment</a>) are - to be put in DOM tree. If this flag is off, they are not put in the tree, - but are still parsed and checked for correctness. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_cdata"></a><code class="literal">parse_cdata</code> determines if CDATA sections - (nodes with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_cdata">node_cdata</a>) are to - be put in DOM tree. If this flag is off, they are not put in the tree, - but are still parsed and checked for correctness. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>on</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_trim_pcdata"></a><code class="literal">parse_trim_pcdata</code> determines if leading - and trailing whitespace characters are to be removed from PCDATA nodes. - While for some applications leading/trailing whitespace is significant, - often the application only cares about the non-whitespace contents so - it's easier to trim whitespace from text during parsing. This flag is - <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_ws_pcdata"></a><code class="literal">parse_ws_pcdata</code> determines if PCDATA - nodes (nodes with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_pcdata">node_pcdata</a>) - that consist only of whitespace characters are to be put in DOM tree. - Often whitespace-only data is not significant for the application, and - the cost of allocating and storing such nodes (both memory and speed-wise) - can be significant. For example, after parsing XML string <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">/></span> <span class="special"></</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span></code> - element will have three children when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">parse_ws_pcdata</span></code> - is set (child with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_pcdata">node_pcdata</a> - and value <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">" "</span></code>, - child with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_element">node_element</a> and - name <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">"a"</span></code>, and another - child with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_pcdata">node_pcdata</a> and value - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">" "</span></code>), and only - one child when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">parse_ws_pcdata</span></code> - is not set. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. - <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_ws_pcdata_single"></a><code class="literal">parse_ws_pcdata_single</code> determines - if whitespace-only PCDATA nodes that have no sibling nodes are to be - put in DOM tree. In some cases application needs to parse the whitespace-only - contents of nodes, i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span> - <span class="special"></</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span></code>, but is not interested in whitespace - markup elsewhere. It is possible to use <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_ws_pcdata">parse_ws_pcdata</a> - flag in this case, but it results in excessive allocations and complicates - document processing in some cases; this flag is intended to avoid that. - As an example, after parsing XML string <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span> - <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special"></</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special"></</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span></code> with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">parse_ws_pcdata_single</span></code> - flag set, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">node</span><span class="special">></span></code> element will have one child <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">></span></code>, and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">></span></code> - element will have one child with type <a class="link" href="dom.html#node_pcdata">node_pcdata</a> - and value <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">" "</span></code>. - This flag has no effect if <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_ws_pcdata">parse_ws_pcdata</a> - is enabled. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> by default. - <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_fragment"></a><code class="literal">parse_fragment</code> determines if document - should be treated as a fragment of a valid XML. Parsing document as a - fragment leads to top-level PCDATA content (i.e. text that is not located - inside a node) to be added to a tree, and additionally treats documents - without element nodes as valid. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> - by default. - </li> -</ul></div> -<div class="caution"><table border="0" summary="Caution"> -<tr> -<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Caution]" src="../images/caution.png"></td> -<th align="left">Caution</th> -</tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> - Using in-place parsing (<a class="link" href="loading.html#xml_document::load_buffer_inplace">load_buffer_inplace</a>) - with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">parse_fragment</span></code> flag - may result in the loss of the last character of the buffer if it is a part - of PCDATA. Since PCDATA values are null-terminated strings, the only way - to resolve this is to provide a null-terminated buffer as an input to - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace</span></code> - i.e. - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_buffer_inplace</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"test\0"</span><span class="special">,</span> - <span class="number">5</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_default</span> <span class="special">|</span> - <span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_fragment</span><span class="special">)</span></code>. - </p></td></tr> -</table></div> -<p> - These flags control the transformation of tree element contents: - </p> -<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_escapes"></a><code class="literal">parse_escapes</code> determines if character - and entity references are to be expanded during the parsing process. - Character references have the form <code class="literal">&#...;</code> or - <code class="literal">&#x...;</code> (<code class="literal">...</code> is Unicode numeric - representation of character in either decimal (<code class="literal">&#...;</code>) - or hexadecimal (<code class="literal">&#x...;</code>) form), entity references - are <code class="literal">&lt;</code>, <code class="literal">&gt;</code>, <code class="literal">&amp;</code>, - <code class="literal">&apos;</code> and <code class="literal">&quot;</code> (note - that as pugixml does not handle DTD, the only allowed entities are predefined - ones). If character/entity reference can not be expanded, it is left - as is, so you can do additional processing later. Reference expansion - is performed on attribute values and PCDATA content. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>on</strong></span> by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_eol"></a><code class="literal">parse_eol</code> determines if EOL handling (that - is, replacing sequences <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">0x0d</span> <span class="number">0x0a</span></code> by a single <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">0x0a</span></code> - character, and replacing all standalone <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">0x0d</span></code> - characters by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">0x0a</span></code>) is to - be performed on input data (that is, comments contents, PCDATA/CDATA - contents and attribute values). This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>on</strong></span> - by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_wconv_attribute"></a><code class="literal">parse_wconv_attribute</code> determines - if attribute value normalization should be performed for all attributes. - This means, that whitespace characters (new line, tab and space) are - replaced with space (<code class="computeroutput"><span class="char">' '</span></code>). - New line characters are always treated as if <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_eol">parse_eol</a> - is set, i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">\</span><span class="identifier">r</span><span class="special">\</span><span class="identifier">n</span></code> - is converted to a single space. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>on</strong></span> - by default. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_wnorm_attribute"></a><code class="literal">parse_wnorm_attribute</code> determines - if extended attribute value normalization should be performed for all - attributes. This means, that after attribute values are normalized as - if <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_wconv_attribute">parse_wconv_attribute</a> - was set, leading and trailing space characters are removed, and all sequences - of space characters are replaced by a single space character. <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_wconv_attribute">parse_wconv_attribute</a> - has no effect if this flag is on. This flag is <span class="bold"><strong>off</strong></span> - by default. - </li> -</ul></div> -<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note"> -<tr> -<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png"></td> -<th align="left">Note</th> -</tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">parse_wconv_attribute</span></code> option - performs transformations that are required by W3C specification for attributes - that are declared as <code class="literal">CDATA</code>; <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_wnorm_attribute">parse_wnorm_attribute</a> - performs transformations required for <code class="literal">NMTOKENS</code> attributes. - In the absence of document type declaration all attributes should behave - as if they are declared as <code class="literal">CDATA</code>, thus <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_wconv_attribute">parse_wconv_attribute</a> - is the default option. - </p></td></tr> -</table></div> -<p> - Additionally there are three predefined option masks: - </p> -<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_minimal"></a><code class="literal">parse_minimal</code> has all options turned - off. This option mask means that pugixml does not add declaration nodes, - document type declaration nodes, PI nodes, CDATA sections and comments - to the resulting tree and does not perform any conversion for input data, - so theoretically it is the fastest mode. However, as mentioned above, - in practice <a class="link" href="loading.html#parse_default">parse_default</a> is usually - equally fast. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_default"></a><code class="literal">parse_default</code> is the default set of flags, - i.e. it has all options set to their default values. It includes parsing - CDATA sections (comments/PIs are not parsed), performing character and - entity reference expansion, replacing whitespace characters with spaces - in attribute values and performing EOL handling. Note, that PCDATA sections - consisting only of whitespace characters are not parsed (by default) - for performance reasons. <br><br> - - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="parse_full"></a><code class="literal">parse_full</code> is the set of flags which adds - nodes of all types to the resulting tree and performs default conversions - for input data. It includes parsing CDATA sections, comments, PI nodes, - document declaration node and document type declaration node, performing - character and entity reference expansion, replacing whitespace characters - with spaces in attribute values and performing EOL handling. Note, that - PCDATA sections consisting only of whitespace characters are not parsed - in this mode. - </li> -</ul></div> -<p> - This is an example of using different parsing options (<a href="../samples/load_options.cpp" target="_top">samples/load_options.cpp</a>): - </p> -<p> - -</p> -<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">source</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="string">"<!--comment--><node>&lt;</node>"</span><span class="special">;</span> - -<span class="comment">// Parsing with default options; note that comment node is not added to the tree, and entity reference &lt; is expanded -</span><span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"First node value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">first_child</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"], node child value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child_value</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"node"</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> - -<span class="comment">// Parsing with additional parse_comments option; comment node is now added to the tree -</span><span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_default</span> <span class="special">|</span> <span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_comments</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"First node value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">first_child</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"], node child value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child_value</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"node"</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> - -<span class="comment">// Parsing with additional parse_comments option and without the (default) parse_escapes option; &lt; is not expanded -</span><span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_default</span> <span class="special">|</span> <span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_comments</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="special">~</span><span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_escapes</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"First node value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">first_child</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"], node child value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child_value</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"node"</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> - -<span class="comment">// Parsing with minimal option mask; comment node is not added to the tree, and &lt; is not expanded -</span><span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">load_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">pugi</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">parse_minimal</span><span class="special">);</span> -<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"First node value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">first_child</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"], node child value: ["</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">doc</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">child_value</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"node"</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">"]\n"</span><span class="special">;</span> -</pre> -<p> - </p> -</div> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.encoding"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.encoding" title="Encodings"> Encodings</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<a name="xml_encoding"></a><p> - pugixml supports all popular Unicode encodings (UTF-8, UTF-16 (big and little - endian), UTF-32 (big and little endian); UCS-2 is naturally supported since - it's a strict subset of UTF-16) and handles all encoding conversions. Most - loading functions accept the optional parameter <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">encoding</span></code>. - This is a value of enumeration type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">xml_encoding</span></code>, - that can have the following values: - </p> -<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_auto"></a><code class="literal">encoding_auto</code> means that pugixml will - try to guess the encoding based on source XML data. The algorithm is - a modified version of the one presented in Appendix F.1 of XML recommendation; - it tries to match the first few bytes of input data with the following - patterns in strict order: <br><br> - <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; "> -<li class="listitem"> - If first four bytes match UTF-32 BOM (Byte Order Mark), encoding - is assumed to be UTF-32 with the endianness equal to that of BOM; - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - If first two bytes match UTF-16 BOM, encoding is assumed to be - UTF-16 with the endianness equal to that of BOM; - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - If first three bytes match UTF-8 BOM, encoding is assumed to be - UTF-8; - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - If first four bytes match UTF-32 representation of <code class="literal"><</code>, - encoding is assumed to be UTF-32 with the corresponding endianness; - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - If first four bytes match UTF-16 representation of <code class="literal"><?</code>, - encoding is assumed to be UTF-16 with the corresponding endianness; - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - If first two bytes match UTF-16 representation of <code class="literal"><</code>, - encoding is assumed to be UTF-16 with the corresponding endianness - (this guess may yield incorrect result, but it's better than UTF-8); - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - Otherwise encoding is assumed to be UTF-8. <br><br> - - </li> -</ul></div> - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf8"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf8</code> corresponds to UTF-8 encoding - as defined in the Unicode standard; UTF-8 sequences with length equal - to 5 or 6 are not standard and are rejected. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf16_le"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf16_le</code> corresponds to - little-endian UTF-16 encoding as defined in the Unicode standard; surrogate - pairs are supported. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf16_be"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf16_be</code> corresponds to - big-endian UTF-16 encoding as defined in the Unicode standard; surrogate - pairs are supported. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf16"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf16</code> corresponds to UTF-16 - encoding as defined in the Unicode standard; the endianness is assumed - to be that of the target platform. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf32_le"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf32_le</code> corresponds to - little-endian UTF-32 encoding as defined in the Unicode standard. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf32_be"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf32_be</code> corresponds to - big-endian UTF-32 encoding as defined in the Unicode standard. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_utf32"></a><code class="literal">encoding_utf32</code> corresponds to UTF-32 - encoding as defined in the Unicode standard; the endianness is assumed - to be that of the target platform. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_wchar"></a><code class="literal">encoding_wchar</code> corresponds to the encoding - of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span></code> type; it has - the same meaning as either <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">encoding_utf16</span></code> - or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">encoding_utf32</span></code>, depending - on <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span></code> size. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - <a name="encoding_latin1"></a><code class="literal">encoding_latin1</code> corresponds to ISO-8859-1 - encoding (also known as Latin-1). - </li> -</ul></div> -<p> - The algorithm used for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">encoding_auto</span></code> - correctly detects any supported Unicode encoding for all well-formed XML - documents (since they start with document declaration) and for all other - XML documents that start with <code class="literal"><</code>; if your XML document - does not start with <code class="literal"><</code> and has encoding that is different - from UTF-8, use the specific encoding. - </p> -<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note"> -<tr> -<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png"></td> -<th align="left">Note</th> -</tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> - The current behavior for Unicode conversion is to skip all invalid UTF - sequences during conversion. This behavior should not be relied upon; moreover, - in case no encoding conversion is performed, the invalid sequences are - not removed, so you'll get them as is in node/attribute contents. - </p></td></tr> -</table></div> -</div> -<div class="section"> -<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> -<a name="manual.loading.w3c"></a><a class="link" href="loading.html#manual.loading.w3c" title="Conformance to W3C specification"> Conformance to W3C specification</a> -</h3></div></div></div> -<p> - pugixml is not fully W3C conformant - it can load any valid XML document, - but does not perform some well-formedness checks. While considerable effort - is made to reject invalid XML documents, some validation is not performed - because of performance reasons. - </p> -<p> - There is only one non-conformant behavior when dealing with valid XML documents: - pugixml does not use information supplied in document type declaration for - parsing. This means that entities declared in DOCTYPE are not expanded, and - all attribute/PCDATA values are always processed in a uniform way that depends - only on parsing options. - </p> -<p> - As for rejecting invalid XML documents, there are a number of incompatibilities - with W3C specification, including: - </p> -<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> -<li class="listitem"> - Multiple attributes of the same node can have equal names. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - All non-ASCII characters are treated in the same way as symbols of English - alphabet, so some invalid tag names are not rejected. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - Attribute values which contain <code class="literal"><</code> are not rejected. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - Invalid entity/character references are not rejected and are instead - left as is. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - Comment values can contain <code class="literal">--</code>. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - XML data is not required to begin with document declaration; additionally, - document declaration can appear after comments and other nodes. - </li> -<li class="listitem"> - Invalid document type declarations are silently ignored in some cases. - </li> -</ul></div> -</div> -</div> -<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr> -<td align="left"></td> -<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2014 Arseny Kapoulkine<p> - Distributed under the MIT License - </p> -</div></td> -</tr></table> -<hr> -<table width="100%"><tr> -<td> -<a href="http://pugixml.org/">pugixml 1.5</a> manual | - <a href="../manual.html">Overview</a> | - <a href="install.html">Installation</a> | - Document: - <a href="dom.html">Object model</a> · <b>Loading</b> · <a href="access.html">Accessing</a> · <a href="modify.html">Modifying</a> · <a href="saving.html">Saving</a> | - <a href="xpath.html">XPath</a> | - <a href="apiref.html">API Reference</a> | - <a href="toc.html">Table of Contents</a> -</td> -<td width="*" align="right"><div class="spirit-nav"> -<a accesskey="p" href="dom.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../manual.html"><img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../manual.html"><img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="access.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> -</div></td> -</tr></table> -</body> -</html> |