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|
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>pugixml documentation</title>
</head>
<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="header">
<tr>
<td valign="top" bgcolor="#eeeeeee">
<h2 align="left">pugixml documentation</h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#QuickStart">Quick start</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#Reference">Reference</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#Compliance">W3C compliance</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#ComparisonTable">Comparison with existing parsers</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#FAQ">FAQ</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#Bugs">Bugs</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#Future_work">Future work</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#Changelog">Changelog</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#License">License</a></dt>
</dl>
<hr>
<a name="Introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p><i>pugixml</i> is just another XML parser. This is a successor to
<a href="http://www.codeproject.com/soap/pugxml.asp">pugxml</a> (well, to be honest, the only part
that is left as is is wildcard matching code; the rest was either heavily refactored or rewritten
from scratch). The main features are:</p>
<ul>
<li>low memory consumption and fragmentation (the win over <i>pugxml</i> is ~1.3 times, <i>TinyXML</i>
- ~2.5 times, <i>Xerces (DOM)</i> - ~4.3 times <a href="#annot-1"><sup>1</sup></a>). Exact numbers can
be seen in <a href="#ComparisonTable">Comparison with existing parsers</a> section.</li>
<li>extremely high parsing speed (the win over <i>pugxml</i> is ~6 times, <i>TinyXML</i> - ~10
times, <i>Xerces-DOM</i> - ~17.6 times <a href="#annot-1"><sup>1</sup></a></li>
<li>extremely high parsing speed (well, I'm repeating myself, but it's so fast, that it outperforms
<i>Expat</i> by <b>2.8 times</b> on test XML) <a href="#annot-2"><sup>2</sup></a></li>
<li>more or less standard-conformant (it will parse any standard-compliant file correctly, with the
exception of DTD related issues)</li>
<li>pretty much error-ignorant (it will not choke on something like <text>You & Me</text>,
like <i>expat</i> will; it will parse files with data in wrong encoding; and so on)</li>
<li>clean interface (a heavily refactored pugxml's one)</li>
<li>more or less Unicode-aware (actually, it assumes UTF-8 encoding of the input data, though
it will readily work with ANSI - no UTF-16 for now (see <a href="#Future_work">Future work</a>), with
helper conversion functions (UTF-8 <-> UTF-16/32 (whatever is the default for std::wstring & wchar_t))</li>
<li>fully standard compliant C++ code (approved by <a href="http://www.comeaucomputing.com/tryitout/">Comeau</a>
strict mode); the library is multiplatform (see <a href="#Reference">reference</a> for platforms
list)</li>
<li>high flexibility. You can control many aspects of file parsing and DOM tree building via parsing
options.
</ul>
<p>Okay, you might ask - what's the catch? Everything is so cute - it's small, fast, robust, clean solution
for parsing XML. What is missing? Ok, we are fair developers - so here is a misfeature list:</p>
<ul>
<li>memory consumption. It beats every DOM-based parser that I know of - but when SAX parser comes,
there is no chance. You can't process a 2 Gb XML file with less than 4 Gb of memory - and do it fast.
Though <i>pugixml</i> behaves better, than all other DOM-based parser, so if you're stuck with DOM,
it's not a problem.</li>
<li>memory consumption. Ok, I'm repeating myself. Again. When other parsers will allow you to provide
XML file in a constant storage (or even as a memory mapped area), <i>pugixml</i> will not. So you'll
have to copy the entire data into a non-constant storage. Moreover, it should persist during the
parser's lifetime (the reasons for that and more about lifetimes is written below). Again, if you're
ok with DOM - it should not be a problem, because the overall memory consumption is less (well, though
you'll need a contiguous chunk of memory, which can be a problem).</li>
<li>lack of validation, DTD processing, XML namespaces, proper handling of encoding. If you need those -
go take MSXML or XercesC or anything like that.</li>
<li>lack of UTF-16/32 parsing. This is not implemented for now, but this is the features for the next
release.</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<a name="annot-1"><sup>1</sup><small> The tests were done on a 1 mb XML file with a 4 levels deep tree
with a small amount of text. The times are that of building DOM tree. <i>pugixml</i> was run in default
parsing mode, so differences in speed are even bigger with minimal settings.</small> <br>
<a name="annot-2"><sup>2</sup><small> Obviously, you can't estimate time of building DOM tree for a
SAX parser, so the times of reading the data into storage that closely represented the structure of
an XML file were measured.</small>
<hr>
<a name="QuickStart">
<h2>Quick start</h2>
<p>Here there is a small collection of code snippets to help the reader begin using <i>pugixml</i>.</p>
<p>For everything you can do with <i>pugixml</i>, you need a document. There are several ways to obtain it:</p>
<table width = "100%" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><tr><td><pre><font color="white">
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" ><fstream></font>
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" ><iostream></font>
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"pugixml.hpp"</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >using</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >namespace</font></b> <font color="#000000" >std;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >using</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >namespace</font></b> <font color="#000000" >pugi;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >int</font></b> <font color="#000000" >main()</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Several ways to get XML document</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Load from string</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.load(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"<sample-xml>some text <b>in bold</b> here</sample-xml>"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Load from file</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.load_file(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"sample.xml"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Load from any input stream (STL)</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<font color="#000000" >std::ifstream</font> <font color="#000000" >in(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"sample.xml"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.load(in)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// More advanced: parse the specified string without duplicating it</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >char</font></b><font color="#000000" >*</font> <font color="#000000" >s</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >new</font> <b><font color="#0000ff" >char</font></b><font color="#000000" >[</font><b><font color="#40b440" >100</font></b><font color="#000000" >];</font>
<font color="#000000" >strcpy(s,</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"<sample-xml>some text <b>in bold</b> here</sample-xml>"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.parse(transfer_ownership_tag(),</font> <font color="#000000" >s)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Even more advanced: assume manual lifetime control</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >char</font></b><font color="#000000" >*</font> <font color="#000000" >s</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >new</font> <b><font color="#0000ff" >char</font></b><font color="#000000" >[</font><b><font color="#40b440" >100</font></b><font color="#000000" >];</font>
<font color="#000000" >strcpy(s,</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"<sample-xml>some text <b>in bold</b> here</sample-xml>"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.parse(</font><font color="#000000" >s)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >delete[]</font> <font color="#000000" >s;</font> <i><font color="#808080" >// <-- after this point, all string contents of document is invalid!</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Or just create document from code?</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// add nodes to document (see next samples)</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
</font></pre></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><i><a href="http://dobrokot.nm.ru/WinnieColorizer.html"><font color="#666666">_Winnie C++ Colorizer</font></a></i></b></td></tr></table>
<p>This sample should print a row of 1, meaning that all load/parse functions returned true (of course, if sample.xml does not exist or is malformed, there will be 0's)</p>
<p>Once you have your document, there are several ways to extract data from it.</p>
<table width = "100%" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><tr><td><pre><font color="white">
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" ><iostream></font>
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"pugixml.hpp"</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >using</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >namespace</font></b> <font color="#000000" >std;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >using</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >namespace</font></b> <font color="#000000" >pugi;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >struct</font></b> <font color="#000000" >bookstore_traverser:</font> <b><font color="#0000ff" >public</font></b> <font color="#000000" >xml_tree_walker</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >virtual</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >bool</font></b> <font color="#000000" >for_each(xml_node&</font> <font color="#000000" >n)</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >for</font></b> <font color="#000000" >(</font><b><font color="#0000ff" >int</font></b> <font color="#000000" >i</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <b><font color="#40b440" >0</font></b><font color="#000000" >;</font> <font color="#000000" >i</font> <font color="#000000" ><</font> <font color="#000000" >depth();</font> <font color="#000000" >++i)</font> <font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#ff0000" >" "</font><font color="#000000" >;</font> <i><font color="#808080" >// indentation</font></i>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >if</font></b> <font color="#000000" >(n.type()</font> <font color="#000000" >==</font> <font color="#000000" >node_element)</font> <font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >n.name()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >else</font></b> <font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >n.value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >return</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >true</font></b><font color="#000000" >;</font> <i><font color="#808080" >// continue traversal</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >};</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >int</font></b> <font color="#000000" >main()</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<font color="#000000" >doc.load(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"<bookstore><book title='ShaderX'><price>3</price></book><book title='GPU Gems'><price>4</price></book></bookstore>"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// If you want to iterate through nodes...</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Get a bookstore node</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >bookstore</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"bookstore"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Iterate through books</font></i>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >for</font></b> <font color="#000000" >(xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >book</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >bookstore.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"book"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font> <font color="#000000" >book;</font> <font color="#000000" >book</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >book.next_sibling(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"book"</font><font color="#000000" >))</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"Book "</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >book.attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"title"</font><font color="#000000" >).value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#ff0000" >", price "</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >book.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"price"</font><font color="#000000" >).first_child().value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Book ShaderX, price 3</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Book GPU Gems, price 4</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Alternative way to get a bookstore node (wildcards)</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >bookstore</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.child_w(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"*[sS]tore"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font> <i><font color="#808080" >// this will select bookstore, anyStore, Store, etc.</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Iterate through books with STL compatible iterators</font></i>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >for</font></b> <font color="#000000" >(xml_node::iterator</font> <font color="#000000" >it</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >bookstore.begin();</font> <font color="#000000" >it</font> <font color="#000000" >!=</font> <font color="#000000" >bookstore.end();</font> <font color="#000000" >++it)</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Note the use of helper function child_value()</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"Book "</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >it->attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"title"</font><font color="#000000" >).value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#ff0000" >", price "</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >it->child_value(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"price"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Book ShaderX, price 3</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Book GPU Gems, price 4</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// You can also traverse the whole tree (or a subtree)</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >bookstore_traverser</font> <font color="#000000" >t;</font>
<font color="#000000" >doc.traverse(t);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// bookstore</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// book</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// price</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 3</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// book</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// price</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 4</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >doc.first_child().traverse(t);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// book</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// price</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 3</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// book</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// price</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 4</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// If you want a distinct node...</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// You can specify the way to it through child() functions</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"bookstore"</font><font color="#000000" >).child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"book"</font><font color="#000000" >).next_sibling().attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"title"</font><font color="#000000" >).value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// GPU Gems</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// You can use a sometimes convenient path function</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.first_element_by_path(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"bookstore/book/price"</font><font color="#000000" >).child_value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 3</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// And you can use powerful XPath expressions</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.select_single_node(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"/bookstore/book[@title = 'ShaderX']/price"</font><font color="#000000" >).node().child_value()</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 3</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Of course, XPath is much more powerful</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Compile query that prints total price of all Gems book in store</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xpath_query</font> <font color="#000000" >query(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"sum(/bookstore/book[contains(@title, 'Gems')]/price)"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >query.evaluate_number(doc)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 4</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// You can apply the same XPath query to any document. For example, let's add another Gems</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// book (more detail about modifying tree in next sample):</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >book</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"bookstore"</font><font color="#000000" >).append_child();</font>
<font color="#000000" >book.set_name(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"book"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >book.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"title"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"Game Programming Gems 2"</font><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >price</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >book.append_child();</font>
<font color="#000000" >price.set_name(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"price"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >price_text</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >price.append_child(node_pcdata);</font>
<font color="#000000" >price_text.set_value(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"5.3"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Now let's reevaluate query</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >cout</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >query.evaluate_number(doc)</font> <font color="#000000" ><<</font> <font color="#000000" >endl;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// 9.3</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
</font></pre></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><i><a href="http://dobrokot.nm.ru/WinnieColorizer.html"><font color="#666666">_Winnie C++ Colorizer</font></a></i></b></td></tr></table>
<p>Finally, let's get into more details about tree modification and saving.</p>
<table width = "100%" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><tr><td><pre><font color="white">
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" ><iostream></font>
<font color="#008000" >#include</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"pugixml.hpp"</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >using</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >namespace</font></b> <font color="#000000" >std;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >using</font></b> <b><font color="#0000ff" >namespace</font></b> <font color="#000000" >pugi;</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" >int</font></b> <font color="#000000" >main()</font>
<font color="#000000" >{</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// For this example, we'll start with an empty document and create nodes in it from code</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_document</font> <font color="#000000" >doc;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Append several children and set values/names at once</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >doc.append_child(node_comment).set_value(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"This is a test comment"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >doc.append_child().set_name(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"application"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Let's add a few modules</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >application</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >doc.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"application"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Save node wrapper for convenience</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >module_a</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >application.append_child();</font>
<font color="#000000" >module_a.set_name(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"module"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Add an attribute, immediately setting it's value</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >module_a.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"name"</font><font color="#000000" >).set_value(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"A"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// You can use operator=</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >module_a.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"folder"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"/work/app/module_a"</font><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Or even assign numbers</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >module_a.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"status"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <b><font color="#40b440" >85.4</font></b><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Let's add another module</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >module_c</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >application.append_child();</font>
<font color="#000000" >module_c.set_name(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"module"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >module_c.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"name"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"C"</font><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<font color="#000000" >module_c.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"folder"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"/work/app/module_c"</font><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Oh, we missed module B. Not a problem, let's insert it before module C</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_node</font> <font color="#000000" >module_b</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#000000" >application.insert_child_before(node_element,</font> <font color="#000000" >module_c);</font>
<font color="#000000" >module_b.set_name(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"module"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<font color="#000000" >module_b.append_attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"folder"</font><font color="#000000" >)</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"/work/app/module_b"</font><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// We can do the same thing for attributes</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >module_b.insert_attribute_before(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"name"</font><font color="#000000" >,</font> <font color="#000000" >module_b.attribute(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"folder"</font><font color="#000000" >))</font> <font color="#000000" >=</font> <font color="#ff0000" >"B"</font><font color="#000000" >;</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Let's add some text in module A</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >module_a.append_child(node_pcdata).set_value(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"Module A description"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Well, there's not much left to do here. Let's output our document to file using several formatting options</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >doc.save_file(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"sample_saved_1.xml"</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Contents of file sample_saved_1.xml (tab size = 4):</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <?xml version="1.0"?></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <!--This is a test comment--></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <application></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="A" folder="/work/app/module_a" status="85.4">Module A description</module></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="B" folder="/work/app/module_b" /></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="C" folder="/work/app/module_c" /></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// </application></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Let's use two spaces for indentation instead of tab character</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >doc.save_file(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"sample_saved_2.xml"</font><font color="#000000" >,</font> <font color="#ff0000" >" "</font><font color="#000000" >);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Contents of file sample_saved_2.xml:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <?xml version="1.0"?></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <!--This is a test comment--></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <application></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="A" folder="/work/app/module_a" status="85.4">Module A description</module></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="B" folder="/work/app/module_b" /></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="C" folder="/work/app/module_c" /></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// </application></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Let's save a raw XML file</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >doc.save_file(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"sample_saved_3.xml"</font><font color="#000000" >,</font> <font color="#ff0000" >""</font><font color="#000000" >,</font> <font color="#000000" >format_raw);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Contents of file sample_saved_3.xml:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <?xml version="1.0"?><!--This is a test comment--><application><module name="A" folder="/work/app/module_a" status="85.4">Module A description</module><module name="B" folder="/work/app/module_b" /><module name="C" folder="/work/app/module_c" /></application></font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Finally, you can print a subtree to any output stream (including cout)</font></i>
<font color="#000000" >xml_writer_stream writer(cout);</font>
<font color="#000000" >doc.child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"application"</font><font color="#000000" >).child(</font><font color="#ff0000" >"module"</font><font color="#000000" >).print(writer);</font>
<i><font color="#808080" >// Output:</font></i>
<i><font color="#808080" >// <module name="A" folder="/work/app/module_a" status="85.4">Module A description</module></font></i>
<font color="#000000" >}</font>
</font></pre></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><i><a href="http://dobrokot.nm.ru/WinnieColorizer.html"><font color="#666666">_Winnie C++ Colorizer</font></a></i></b></td></tr></table>
<p>Note, that these examples do not cover the whole <i>pugixml</i> API. For further information, look into reference section.</p>
<hr>
<a name="Reference">
<h2>Reference</h2>
<p><i>pugixml</i> is a library for parsing XML files, which means that you give it XML data some way,
and it gives you the DOM tree and the ways to traverse it and to get some useful information from it.
The library source consist of two headers, <b>pugixml.hpp</b> and <b>pugiconfig.hpp</b>, and two source
files, <b>pugixml.cpp</b> and <b>pugixpath.cpp</b>.
You can either compile cpp files in your project, or build a static library.
All library classes reside in namespace <b>pugi</b>, so you can either use fully qualified
names (<b>pugi::xml_node</b>) or write a using declaration (<b>using namespace pugi;</b>, <b>using
pugi::xml_node</b>) and use plain names. All classes have eitther <b>xml_</b> or <b>xpath_</b> prefix.</p>
<p>By default it's supposed that you compile the source file with your project (add it into your
project, or add relevant entry in your Makefile, or do whatever you need to do with your compilation
environment). The library is written in standard-conformant C++ and was tested on following platforms:</p>
<p>
<ul>
<li>Windows 32-bit (MSVC<sup><a href="#annot-3">3</a></sup> 6.0, MSVC 7.0 (2002), MSVC 7.1 (2003), MSVC 8.0 (2005), ICC<sup><a href="#annot-4">4</a></sup> 8.0, ICC 8.1, GCC 3.4.2 (MinGW), BCC<sup><a href="#annot-5">5</a></sup> 5.82, DMC<sup><a href="#annot-6">6</a></sup> 8.50, Comeau C++ 4.3.3, PGI<sup><a href="#annot-7">7</a></sup> 6.2, CW<sup><a href="#annot-8">8</a></sup> 8.0)
<li>Linux 32-bit (GCC 3.2)
<li>Sony Playstation Portable (GCC 3.4.2; in PUGIXML_NO_STL mode)
<li>Sony Playstation 3 (GCC 4.0.2; in PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS mode (-fno-exceptions))
<li>Microsoft Xbox (MSVC 7.1)
<li>Microsoft Xbox 360 (MSVC 8.0)
</ul>
</p>
<p>The documentation for <i>pugixml</i> classes, functions and constants <a href="html/index.html">is available here</a>.</p>
<hr>
<a name="annot-3"><sup>3</sup><small> MSVC is Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler</small> <br>
<a name="annot-4"><sup>4</sup><small> ICC is Intel C++ Compiler</small> <br>
<a name="annot-5"><sup>5</sup><small> BCC is Borland C++ Compiler</small> <br>
<a name="annot-6"><sup>6</sup><small> DMC is Digital Mars C++ Compiler</small> <br>
<a name="annot-7"><sup>7</sup><small> PGI is Portland Group C++ Compiler</small> <br>
<a name="annot-8"><sup>8</sup><small> CW is Metrowerks CodeWarrior</small>
<hr>
<a name="Compliance">
<h2>W3C compliance</h2>
<p><i>pugixml</i> is not a compliant XML parser. The main reason for that is that it does not reject
most malformed XML files. The more or less complete list of incompatibilities follows (I will be talking
of ones when using <b>parse_w3c</b> mode):
<ul>
<li>The parser is completely DOCTYPE-ignorant, that is, it does not even skip all possible DOCTYPEs
correctly, let alone use them for parsing
<li>It accepts multiple attributes with the same name in one node
<li>It is charset-ignorant
<li>It accepts invalid attribute values (those with < in them) and does not reject invalid entity
references or character references (in fact, it does not do DOCTYPE parsing, so it does not perform
entity reference expansion)
<li>It does not reject comments with -- inside
<li>It does not reject PI with the names of 'xml' and alike
<li>And some other things that I forgot to mention
</ul>
In short, it accepts some malformed XML files and does not do anything that is related to DOCTYPE.
This is because the main goal was developing fast, easy-to-use and error ignorant (so you can get
something even from a malformed document) parser, there are some good validating and conformant
parsers already.</p>
<hr>
<a name="ComparisonTable">
<h2>Comparison with existing parsers</h2>
<p>This table summarizes the comparison in terms of time and memory consumption between pugixml and
other parsers. For DOM parsers (all, except Expat, irrXML and SAX parser of XercesC), the process is
as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>construct DOM tree from file, which is preloaded in memory (all parsers take const char* and size
as an input). 'parse time' means number of CPU clocks which is spent, 'parse allocs' - number of allocations,
'parse memory' - peak memory consumption
<li>traverse DOM tree to fill information from it into some structure (which is the same for all parsers,
of course). 'walk time' means number of CPU clocks which is spent, 'walk allocs' - number of allocations
</ul>
<p>For SAX parsers, the parse step is skipped (hence the N/A in relevant table cells), structure is
filled during 'walk' step.</p>
<p>For all parsers, 'total time' column means total time spent on the whole process, 'total allocs' -
total allocation count, 'total memory' - peak memory consumption for the whole process.</p>
<p>The tests were performed on a 1 Mb XML file with a small amount of text. They were compiled with
Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 (2005) compiler in Release mode, with checked iterators/secure STL turned
off. The test system is AMD Sempron 2500+, 512 Mb RAM.</p>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1>
<tr><th>parser</th>
<th>parse time</th><th>parse allocs</th><th>parse memory</th>
<th>walk time</th><th>walk allocs</th>
<th>total time</th><th>total allocs</th><th>total memory</th></tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://xml.irrlicht3d.org/">irrXML</a></td>
<td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td>
<td>352 Mclocks</td><td>697 245</td>
<td>356 Mclocks</td><td>697 284</td><td>906 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://expat.sourceforge.net/">Expat</a></td>
<td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td>
<td>97 Mclocks</td><td>19</td>
<td>97 Mclocks</td><td>23</td><td>1028 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://tinyxml.sourceforge.net/">TinyXML</a></td>
<td>168 Mclocks</td><td>50 163</td><td>5447 kb</td>
<td>37 Mclocks</td><td>0</td>
<td>242 Mclocks</td><td>50 163</td><td>5447 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/soap/pugxml.asp">PugXML</a></td>
<td>100 Mclocks</td><td>106 597</td><td>2747 kb</td>
<td>38 Mclocks</td><td>0</td>
<td>206 Mclocks</td><td>131 677</td><td>2855 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://xml.apache.org/xerces-c/">XercesC</a> SAX</td>
<td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td>
<td>411 Mclocks</td><td>70 380</td>
<td>411 Mclocks</td><td>70 495</td><td>243 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="http://xml.apache.org/xerces-c/">XercesC</a> DOM</td>
<td>300 Mclocks</td><td>30 491</td><td>9251 kb</td>
<td>65 Mclocks</td><td>1</td>
<td>367 Mclocks</td><td>30 492</td><td>9251 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td>pugixml</td>
<td>17 Mclocks</td><td>40</td><td>2154 kb</td>
<td>14 Mclocks</td><td>0</td>
<td>32 Mclocks</td><td>40</td><td>2154 kb</td></tr>
<tr><td>pugixml (test of non-destructive parsing)</td>
<td>12 Mclocks</td><td>51</td><td>1632 kb</td>
<td>21 Mclocks</td><td>0</td>
<td>34 Mclocks</td><td>51</td><td>1632 kb</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Note, that non-destructive parsing mode was just a test and is not yet in <i>pugixml</i>.</p>
<hr>
<a name="FAQ">
<h2>FAQ</h2>
<p><b>Q:</b> I do not have/want STL support. How can I compile <i>pugixml</i> without STL?</p>
<p><b>A:</b> There is an undocumented define PUGIXML_NO_STL. If you uncomment the relevant line
in <i>pugixml</i> header file, it will compile without any STL classes. The reason it is undocumented
are that it will make some documented functions not available (specifically, xml_document::load, that
operates on std::istream, xml_node::path function, XPath-related functions and classes and as_utf16/as_utf8
conversion functions). Otherwise, it will work fine.</p>
<p><b>Q:</b> Do paths that are accepted by <b>first_element_by_path</b> have to end with delimiter?</p>
<p><b>A:</b> Either way will work, both /path/to/node/ and /path/to/node is fine.</p>
<p>I'm always open for questions; feel free to write them to <a href="mailto:arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com">arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com</a>.
</p>
<hr>
<a name="Bugs">
<h2>Bugs</h2>
<p>I'm always open for bug reports; feel free to write them to <a href="mailto:arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com">arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com</a>.
Please provide as much information as possible - version of <i>pugixml</i>, compiling and OS environment
(compiler and it's version, STL version, OS version, etc.), the description of the situation in which
the bug arises, the code and data files that show the bug, etc. - the more, the better. Though, please,
do not send executable files.</p>
<p>Note, that you can also submit bug reports/suggestions at
<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pugixml/issues/list">project page</a>.
<hr>
<a name="Future_work">
<h2>Future work</h2>
<p>Here are some improvements that will be done in future versions (they are sorted by priority, the
upper ones will get there sooner).</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for UTF-16 files (parsing BOM to get file's type and converting UTF-16 file to UTF-8 buffer
if necessary)
<li>More intelligent parsing of DOCTYPE (it does not always skip DOCTYPE for now)
<li>XML 1.1 changes (changed EOL handling, normalization issues, etc.)
<li>Name your own?
</ul>
<hr>
<a name="Changelog">
<h2>Changelog</h2>
<dl>
<dt>15.07.2006 - v0.1
<dd>First private release for testing purposes
</dt>
<dt>6.11.2006 - v0.2
<dd>First public release. Changes: <ul>
<li>Introduced child_value(name) and child_value_w(name)
<li>Fixed child_value() (for empty nodes)
<li>Fixed xml_parser_impl warning at W4
<li>parse_eol_pcdata and parse_eol_attribute flags + parse_minimal optimizations
<li>Optimizations of strconv_t
</ul>
</dt>
<dt>21.02.2007 - v0.3
<dd>Refactored, reworked and improved version. Changes: <ul>
<li>Interface: <ul>
<li>Added XPath
<li>Added tree modification functions
<li>Added no STL compilation mode
<li>Added saving document to file
<li>Refactored parsing flags
<li>Removed xml_parser class in favor of xml_document
<li>Added transfer ownership parsing mode
<li>Modified the way xml_tree_walker works
<li>Iterators are now non-constant
</ul>
<li>Implementation: <ul>
<li>Support of several compilers and platforms
<li>Refactored and sped up parsing core
<li>Improved standard compliancy
<li>Added XPath implementation
<li>Fixed several bugs
</ul>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>31.10.2007 - v0.34
<dd>Maintenance release. Changes: <ul>
<li>Improved compatibility (supported Digital Mars C++, MSVC 6, CodeWarrior 8, PGI C++, Comeau, supported PS3 and XBox360)
<li>Fixed bug with loading from text-mode iostreams
<li>Fixed leak when transfer_ownership is true and parsing is failing
<li>Fixed bug in saving (\r and \n are now escaped in attribute values)
<li>PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTION flag for platforms without exception handling
<li>Renamed free() to destroy() - some macro conflicts were reported
</ul>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>18.01.2009 - v0.4
<dd>Changes: <ul>
<li>Bugs: <ul>
<li>Documentation fix in samples for parse() with manual lifetime control
<li>Fixed document order sorting in XPath (it caused wrong order of nodes after xpath_node_set::sort and wrong results of some XPath queries)
</ul>
<li>Node printing changes: <ul>
<li>Single quotes are no longer escaped when printing nodes
<li>Symbols in second half of ASCII table are no longer escaped when printing nodes; because of this, format_utf8 flag is deleted as it's no longer needed and
format_write_bom is renamed to format_write_bom_utf8.
<li>Reworked node printing - now it works via xml_writer interface; implementations for FILE* and std::ostream are available. As a side-effect, xml_document::save_file
now works without STL.
</ul>
<li>New features: <ul>
<li>Added unsigned integer support for attributes (xml_attribute::as_uint, xml_attribute::operator=)
<li>Now document declaration (<?xml ...?>) is parsed as node with type node_declaration when parse_declaration flag is specified (access to encoding/version is performed as if they
were attributes, i.e. doc.child("xml").attribute("version").as_float()); corresponding flags for node printing were also added
<li>Added support for custom memory management (see set_memory_management_functions for details)
<li>Implemented node/attribute copying (see xml_node::insert_copy_* and xml_node::append_copy for details)
<li>Added find_child_by_attribute and find_child_by_attribute_w to simplify parsing code in some cases (i.e. COLLADA files)
<li>Added file offset information querying for debugging purposes (now you're able to determine exact location of any xml_node in parsed file, see xml_node::offset_debug for details)
<li>Improved error handling for parsing - now load(), load_file() and parse() return xml_parse_result, which contains error code and last parsed offset; this does not break old interface as xml_parse_result can be implicitly casted to bool.
</ul>
</ul>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>8.02.2009 - v0.41
<dd>Maintenance release. Changes: <ul>
<li>Fixed bug with node printing (occasionally some content was not written to output stream)
</ul>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>17.09.2009 - v0.42
<dd>Maintenance release. Changes: <ul>
<li>Fixed deallocation in case of custom allocation functions or if delete[] / free are incompatible
<li>XPath parser fixed for incorrect queries (i.e. incorrect XPath queries should now always fail to compile)
<li>Added PUGIXML_API/PUGIXML_CLASS/PUGIXML_FUNCTION configuration macros to control class/function attributes
<li>Const-correctness fixes for find_child_by_attribute
<li>Improved compatibility (miscellaneous warning fixes, fixed cstring include dependency for GCC)
<li>Fixed iterator begin/end and print function to work correctly for empty nodes
<li>Added xml_attribute::set_value overloads for different types
</ul>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>15.11.2009 - v0.5
<dd>Major bugfix release. Changes: <ul>
<li>XPath bugfixes: <ul>
<li>Fixed translate(), lang() and concat() functions (infinite loops/crashes)
<li>Fixed compilation of queries with empty literal strings ("")
<li>Fixed axis tests: they never add empty nodes/attributes to the resulting node set now
<li>Fixed string-value evaluation for node-set (the result excluded some text descendants)
<li>Fixed self:: axis (it behaved like ancestor-or-self::)
<li>Fixed following:: and preceding:: axes (they included descendent and ancestor nodes, respectively)
<li>Minor fix for namespace-uri() function (namespace declaration scope includes the parent element of namespace declaration attribute)
<li>Some incorrect queries are no longer parsed now (i.e. foo: *)
<li>Fixed text()/etc. node test parsing bug (i.e. foo[text()] failed to compile)
<li>Fixed root step (/) - it now selects empty node set if query is evaluated on empty node
<li>Fixed string to number conversion ("123 " converted to NaN, "123 .456" converted to 123.456 - now the results are 123 and NaN, respectively)
<li>Node set copying now preserves sorted type; leads to better performance on some queries
</ul>
<li>Miscellaneous bugfixes: <ul>
<li>Fixed xml_node::offset_debug for PI nodes
<li>Added empty attribute checks to xml_node::remove_attribute
<li>Fixed node_pi and node_declaration copying
<li>Const-correctness fixes
</ul>
<li>Specification changes: <ul>
<li>xpath_node::select_nodes() and related functions now throw exception if expression return type is not node set (instead of assertion)
<li>xml_node::traverse() now sets depth to -1 for both begin() and end() callbacks (was 0 at begin() and -1 at end())
<li>In case of non-raw node printing a newline is output after PCDATA inside nodes if the PCDATA has siblings
<li>UTF8 -> wchar_t conversion now considers 5-byte UTF8-like sequences as invalid
</ul>
<li>New features: <ul>
<li>Added xpath_node_set::operator[] for index-based iteration
<li>Added xpath_query::return_type()
<li>Added getter accessors for memory-management functions
</ul>
</ul>
</dd>
</dt>
</dl>
<hr>
<a name="Acknowledgements">
<h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="mailto:kristen@tima.net">Kristen Wegner</a> for <i>pugxml</i> parser
<li><a href="mailto:readonly@getsoft.com">Neville Franks</a> for contributions to <i>pugxml</i> parser
</ul>
<hr>
<a name="License">
<h2>License</h2>
<p>The <i>pugixml</i> parser is distributed under the MIT license:</p>
<pre>
Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Arseny Kapoulkine
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
</pre>
<hr>
<p>Revised 15 November, 2009</p>
<p><i>© Copyright <a href="mailto:arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com">Arseny Kapoulkine</a> 2006-2009. All Rights Reserved.</i></p>
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